What is Hinduism?
Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world, after Christianity and Islam. It is considered one of the oldest religions, with its origins dating back as far as 5000 years in the Vedic period. Considered by a large number of its followers to be a way of life rather than just a religion, Hinduism is broadly defined as “the eternal law”, or “universal truth” encompassing a range of philosophies and beliefs. The Hindu faith is centered on the belief in the holy trinity (Brahman, Shiva and Vishnu) and the worship of the divine. Hinduism is a diverse, eclectic and pluralistic tradition that has been enriched by both local and global influences.
How Big Is Hinduism?
Hinduism is the largest religion in India, where it has been practiced for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 80% of the Indian population, or around 900 million people, practice Hinduism as their primary religion. In addition, there are an estimated 8 million Hindus living outside of India, particularly in countries such as Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia and the United Kingdom. This brings the estimated total number of Hindus in the world to around 900 million, making it the third largest religion in the world.
Key Beliefs in Hinduism
Hinduism is a polytheistic religion based on the belief in multiple and diverse gods, goddesses and saints. A key belief in Hinduism is the notion of karma, which states that the actions and deeds of a person in one lifetime will influence their fate in the next. Hindus also believe in reincarnation, which is the cycle of life and death that all living beings must go through. Other key Hindu beliefs include non-violence, vegetarianism, consideration of others and the search for inner peace and truth.
Scriptures of Hinduism
One of the major sacred texts in Hinduism is the Vedas (a collection of hymns and religious texts, collectively known as the Vedic literature), which date back to 1500-1000 BCE. The Vedas are composed of four scriptures, the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda. The Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Mahabharata and Ramayana are other notable spiritual texts in Hinduism. The texts contain teachings and directives on how Hindus should live their lives and strive for spiritual enlightenment.
Hinduism and the Study of Nature
Hinduism is based on the belief that the whole universe is part of an interconnected divine order. Hindu beliefs provide a framework for understanding the natural world and teaching people how to live in harmony with it. Hindus believe in the concept of dharma, or living a life that is in alignment with natural laws and observations. The understanding of nature-based concepts and practices therefore has a major impact on Hindu beliefs and traditions.
Hinduism and the Arts
Hinduism has had a great influence on the Indian culture, particularly in terms of the arts. Hinduism has inspired a diverse range of creative works, from traditional Indian stories to classical dance forms. Artists often depict Hindu gods and goddesses in their artwork, as well as aspects of spirituality, philosophy and mythology. Hindu ideas have also had an influence on the development of Western art, including the Pop Art movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
The Role of Temples in Hinduism
Hindu temples play an integral role in daily Hindu practice and rituals. Temples are places of pilgrimage and worship, where Hindus go to offer their respects to the divine. Temples are also unique spaces where communities come together to celebrate as well as to share and exchange ideas and beliefs. Additionally, temples are centres of learning and cultural enrichment, while they also serve as places of refuge during times of hardship.
Hinduism and Modern Technology
In recent years, technology has increasingly become part of the Hindu culture. For example, in India, many temples are now streaming their services and rituals online. Additionally, Hindus are using technology to engage in spiritual practice, such as through meditation apps or reciting sacred texts on their smartphones. Technology has also enabled Hindus to engage with Hinduism on a global platform, making it more accessible and inclusive.
Hinduism and Philosophy
Hinduism has a long and rich philosophical tradition, influenced by both the Vedic scriptures and Eastern thought. Hindu philosophy is deep and complex, but at its core centres around the belief in the interconnectedness of all things. Hindu sages and scholars have written about topics such as the nature of reality and the power of meditation. Hindu texts also discuss the importance of living a virtuous life, cultivating consciousness and developing an inner understanding of truth.
Hinduism and Social Customs
Hinduism is closely intertwined with traditional Indian customs, with numerous social rituals in place to ensure communal wellbeing. These customs dictate the way in which Hindus interact with each other, particularly when it comes to matters of family, marriage and social interaction. These customs often have deep religious or spiritual connotations, and are used to cultivate peace and prosperity within the community.
Hinduism and Gender Roles
Hinduism has historically placed more emphasis on male roles than female roles, however there are also numerous Hindu goddesses who are worshipped in temples and honoured in traditions. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of gender equality within Hinduism, and women are increasingly taking a more visible and empowered role in Hindu society.
Hinduism and Environmentalism
Evidence of an environmental consciousness within Hinduism dates back to ancient India, where the environment was viewed as sacred and closely linked to the divine. In recent years, environmentalism has been embraced by some Hindu believers, using the religion to call for greater protection of the environment and promote sustainable lifestyles. Numerous Hindu activists have advocated for the preservation of sacred sites, water sources and wildlife habitats, highlighting the importance of taking direct action for the protection of the environment.
Hinduism and Education
Hinduism views education as the key to personal and spiritual development, with the goal of knowledge ultimately leading to self-realisation. Hindus believe that education should be holistic, encompassing academic teaching as well as moral and ethical instruction. Ancient Hindu scholars emphasised the importance of learning and engaging with the Vedic scriptures, while current Hindu schools also focus on building virtues through self-reflection and critical thinking.
Hinduism and Other Religions
Hinduism is an open, pluralistic faith that has historically been tolerant of other religions. Hindus believe that all religions are part of a greater spiritual path, with everyone able to choose their own version of the truth. Hindus also share a number of beliefs with other religions, particularly Buddhism and Sikhism, as well as with many ancient pagan religions. This religious inclusiveness has allowed Hinduism to shape our modern understanding of diverse religious traditions.
