The Beginning of Christianity
Christianity began in the early apostolic period which emerged from Judaism during the first century in the Roman Empire. Its founder, Jesus of Nazareth, was a remarkable teacher who taught new spiritual and ethical beliefs to his followers. His teachings inspired a new religious movement focused on devotion to Christ and to the practice of his teachings. Christianity spread rapidly from Palestine to surrounding regions, including Rome.
Rome’s Growing Interest in Christianity
Rome was one of the largest cities of its era and was used as a focal point to spread Christianity around the region and wider. Interest in the new faith was growing in the city and by the third century some elements of Roman culture were becoming influenced by Christianity.
This was a major turning point as Roman leaders slowly began embracing the religion that was seen by many as a threat to their traditional beliefs. There were those in Rome who attempted to hold onto the practice of their traditional religions and laws, yet many of the rulers began to see the potential benefits of Christianity.
Conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine
The conversion of the Roman Emperor Constantine had a major impact on the spread and acceptance of Christianity in Rome. Constantine declared Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire in AD 312 and this encouraged strong conversion amongst its citizens. Emperor Theodosius then announced the religion to be the only legal religion of the Empire in AD 380.
The Impact of Missionaries
The visit of the Apostle Paul to Rome in AD 49 is seen as one of the most significant moments in the spread of Christianity in the Empire. There is evidence that Paul brought Christianity knowledge to the city, which was then championed by converts and missionaries. These missionaries preached to the people of Rome and shared the teachings of Christianity.
The rapid growth of Christianity in the Empire debunks the historical perception of Christianity being spread only through violence and persecution. While there were some forceful conversions enacted by the Roman authorities, missionaries and converts were a major part of the spread of the religion.
Jesus As the Central Figure
The central figure of Christianity was Jesus, who provided an alternative to traditional Roman beliefs. Jesus appealed to a large portion of the Roman Empire who were disenfranchised and oppressed by the ruling elite. His teachings also called for an end to violence, discrimination and corruption, which resonated with many of its citizens.
Religion of the Common People
A major factor in the rise of Christianity in Rome was its growing popularity amongst the common people. The teachings of Jesus combined with the stories of miracles started to attract followers from all levels of society, which meant more people began to adopt the new faith. This helped to further spread Christianity.
Growing Influence of Christianity
By the fourth century, Christianity had become a large part of Roman life and culture. Churches were built and new institutions were created to propagate the religion. The Roman Emperors also granted privileges to the Church, such as exemption from taxation, which further accelerated growth.
Promotional Literature
In addition to missions and conversions, promotional literature played a role in spreading Christianity in Rome. Missionaries produced pamphlets and books which were widely distributed throughout the city. These documents made the religion accessible to a wide audience and created a larger base of followers.
Legacy of Christianity in Rome
The legacy of Christianity in Rome is still very much alive today. The religion has been intertwined with Roman culture for centuries and continues to be practiced in the city. Rome is considered to be the birthplace of Western Christianity and the city continues to have a large Christian population.
Local Conflicts over Religion
The official status of Christianity as the premier religion of Rome led to several local conflicts due to its spread. Pagan religions were challenged as Christianity became increasingly accepted in the city. This resulted in debates over the rights and practices of both religions which threatened to divide the citizens.
Challenges to Christianity
The spread of Christianity in Rome was met with several challenges over its validity as a religion. Opponents of Christianity claimed that it was a false religion and not supported by the Gods of Rome. This led to criticism from some citizens and adherents of other religions.
The Role of Education
The spread of Christianity in Rome coincided with the development of education in the Roman Empire. Schools and universities were set up to teach the doctrines of Christianity and to propagate the faith to new audiences. This helped to disseminate the teachings of the religion and laid the foundation for its growth.
