Introduction
The debate between the age of Norse religion and Christianity began centuries ago and continues today. There are ancient seers and scholars that argue that Norse religion is in fact older than Christianity, while some devoted believers reject this notion entirely. Many historians, archaeologists and linguists have contributed research to the discussion, providing us with both evidence and text to answer this query. This piece will explore the evidence available to us, as well as the perspectives of historians and linguists, to assess whether Norse religion is in fact older than Christianity.
Norse Religion & Christianity
Norse religion dates back to Germanic Paganism, which first arrived in Scandinavia in the early Iron Age. This Paganism was practiced by the Germanic people and adapted differently in each area. The Norse god Odin is noteworthy for his role in Norse mythology and creation myths; he is said to be responsible for giving man the gift of poetry, and for guarding the secrets of the universe. Similarly, Christianity is rooted in Jewish monotheism, and believes that Jesus Christ is the one and only God. There have been various understandings of this religion and interpretations of Christianity over time; however, it stands that Christianity preaches the oneness of God with absolutely no room for other gods or spirits.
Evidence of Norse Religion’s Age
Recent studies have provided evidence that Norse religion predates Christianity. Researchers have been able to date some of the earliest Nordic artifacts such as swords and shields to the second century AD. These artifacts show Norse symbols and gods, supporting the thought that Norse religion is far older than Christianity. Additionally, linguists have been able to trace words from Norse mythology which share origins with words from the people of Eastern Europe, which dates back to the late bronze age. These linguistic pieces of evidence back the notion of Norse religion being much older than Christianity.
Perspectives of Historians and Linguists
Historians and linguists have provided us with different perspectives on the age of Norse religion and Christianity. In 2005, American historian Philip Jenkins argued that the Vikings knew of Christianity centuries before its arrival in Scandinavia. However, he noted that it did not catch on until the 11th century. Additionally, specialists of Old Norse language at the University of Hauger claim that the language is much older than Christianity, as they have found evidence that it has origins in the late bronze age. Linguists also believe that Norse religion has impacted the languages of Eastern Europe, making it older than Christianity.
Popular Opinion & Thorough Understanding
Some argue that Norse religion is indeed older than Christianity, while others argue that it is a misconception. For example, some believe that Norse religion must be older than Christianity as Odin was seen as a powerful deity with connections to the natural world. Others note that
Christianity is argued to have begun in the Middle East and spread across the world, which suggests that it predates Norse religion. A thorough understanding of each religion’s histories and origins is necessary to reach concrete conclusions.
Perspectives on the Debate
The debate surrounding the age of Norse religion and Christianity has become increasingly contested. While some academics argue that Norse religion is in fact older than Christianity, others argue otherwise. For example, ‘The Viking Age: A Reader’ by Anders Winroth believes that although Norse religion existed before and alongside Christianity, it’s not necessarily older. Similarly, Professor Richard North suggests that Christianity and Norse religion coexisted before and during the Viking age. Ultimately, the true age of these religions is contested by many.
Contextualising the Evidence
When contextualizing the evidence surrounding the age of Norse religion and Christianity, it is important to consider each perspective and assess the validity of each. Historical artifacts, religious and textual sources, archaeological excavations and linguistics all provide insight into the topic. For example, Norse symbolism on artifacts that were used in the Iron Age suggests that Norse religion is older than Christianity. Similarly, the origin of words in the Old Norse language has been traced to the Bronze Age, suggesting that Christianity did not have an influence at the time.
Reflections on Norse Religion as a Source
Norse religion is often seen as a source of inspiration and enlightenment amongst many. Some have argued that its presence in Scandinavia taught the people of Norway to live lives full of honor, courage and ultimately their ancestors’ deities. Moreover, symbols of Norse gods and goddesses have been used among the Norwegian population and beyond, serving as a reminder of their traditions and heritage. As a result, those who choose to practice Norse religion can be seen as honoring their ancestors, thus providing a sense of pride.
The Influence of Norse Religion on Christianity
The influence of Norse religion on Christianity has been a popular point of discussion for many. Some argue that Norse thought and practices had an impact on the modern Christian faith, emphasizing traits such as piety and wisdom. Additionally, it has been argued that the symbols of Norse religion had been incorporated into Scandinavian Christianity. For example, the head-cross was adopted from traditional Nordic symbolism. It is also thought that many features of Christianity, such as the annual celebration of Christmas, incorporate elements of Norse tradition.
The Fate of Norse Religion
Today, Norse religion is alive and practiced not only by those in Norway, but by many around the world. While Norse religion has been seen to have some influence on Christianity, it has gained popularity in modern times. The Norse religion which was originally thought to be declining or fading away significantly due to the presence of Christianity is now experienced and celebrated worldwide. This can be seen in the presence of Odinism, Howgardianism, and contemporary paganism, which are all forms of Norse religion.
The Expanded Role of Norse Religions
In recent years, Norse religions have also taken on a more cultural role rather than a solely spiritual one. Norse mythology is present in popular culture and is used to tell stories in books, films, television, and video games. Additionally, the infusion of Norse symbolism in modern societies can be seen in fashion and home decor, giving it a more contemporary feel that appeals to individuals from all around the world. It is considered to be a living faith and its acceptance by people in the modern age is evidence of its flexibility, adaptability, and strength.
The Impact of Norse Religion on Society
The presence of Norse religion in society has had an influence on its development and evolution. It is seen as a source of inspiration and has led to the development of new philosophies and ideologies. Additionally, Norse religion has been associated with some world-views which have focused on environmental issues, stressing the need to be mindful of nature and to strive for sustainability. Put simply, Norse religion has had a lasting effect on society and its impact can be seen in many aspects of life.
The Impact of Christianity on Norse Religion
The arrival of Christianity in Norway brought with it many changes to the way of life and religious beliefs of the people. Christianity is often seen as a replacement for Norse religion, however this is not entirely accurate. It is argued that Christianity had an effect on Norse religion by making it more inclusive and open to different perspectives. The integration of Norse symbols and customs within Christianity allowed the two religions to become and remain intertwined, even until this day. Thus, Christianity appears to have had an impact on the continuation of Norse religion rather than replacing it completely.
