Religious Beliefs
The basic belief that set Christianity apart from Judaism is that Jesus is the Messiah, or savior of humanity. This belief runs counter to the Jewish understanding that there is no one who can take the place of God in redemption. Jesus was anointed with the spiritual power to heal, forgive and bring judgment. The Christian bible explains that Jesus was sent by God to save sinners, die for their sins and rise again in order to prophesy his righteousness.
While Jews considered Jesus a teacher, many of his teachings contradicted the Torah. He taught that he was the Son of Man, a belief that Jews did not understand. He was believed to have performed miracles and to have been resurrected, concepts that the Jewish faith did not embrace. His teachings of forgiveness and mercy were also different from the strict justice and punishment focused beliefs of Judaism.
Sacred Artifacts
Christianity has its own set of sacred artifacts and documents that are not found in Judaism. The Bible contains the Old and New Testaments, the Christian holy books. It is the basis for their beliefs about salvation, resurrection and redemption. Christianity also includes the crucifix, a key symbol of the faith that illustrates Jesus’s suffering and death that brought him the power to save humanity. This symbol is not used by Jews.
Worship Practices
One of the major differences between Christianity and Judaism is in regards to worship practices. Christian faith centers around the teachings and example of Jesus, and worship services are structured accordingly. Prayers, rituals, sermon-based teaching and communion are a central part of the weekly worship service. In Judaism, rituals and communal prayer are of high importance, but the focus is on learning biblical teachings and honoring traditions.
Afterlife Perspectives
The afterlife is another major difference between Christianity and Judaism. Christians believe in heaven and hell, a concept not accepted among Jews. Judaism views death as part of the natural life cycle and does not have a belief in an afterlife. Jewish people view life as being in the hands of God and a process of redemption. For Christians, life embodies the teachings of Jesus, through his death and resurrection, providing hope for the afterlife.
Missionary Approach
Christianity is unique in its approach to its mission. While Judaism does not seek to actively convert non-believers, Christianity seeks out potential believers and encourages them to accept the faith. The emphasis placed by Christianity on actively converting non-believers allows it to reach far more people and expand its influence.
Sacrifice for Others
The Christian faith is unique in its emphasis on sacrificing for others. The example Jesus set by offering his life for others was the ultimate example of self-sacrifice, and Christians seek to emulate this in their own lives. Jews also have a tradition of self-sacrifice, but it primarily is emphasized toward their own family and faith. Christianity teaches believers to sacrifice for the benefit of all humanity.
Community Involvement
Another distinguishing characteristic of Christianity is its emphasis on community involvement and service. Students of Christianity are encouraged to be active members in their community, doing good works and helping those in need. Jews have similar directives for social welfare, but for Christians these ideals are fundamental to their beliefs and way of life.
Doctrine
The Christian faith is organized around a set of doctrines that were established by the New Testament. These doctrines and teachings provide the basis for the Christian faith and guide believers in their daily lives. Jews have a similar set of beliefs, but their faith consists of the Old Testament and does not include the New Testament.
Sacraments
Christianity has seven sacraments that members of the faith practice. These sacraments, or rituals, include baptism, communion and confirmation. Jews do not have these sacraments, relying instead on their comprehensive system of rites and customs.
Interpretation of Scripture
The way each faith interprets scripture applies to the major differences between Christianity and Judaism. While Jews believe the scriptures to be literal, Christians often interpret scripture on an abstract and symbolic level. This interpretation allows them to reach new depths of meaning and symbolism in scripture often overlooked by those of the Jewish faith.
Organization of Faith
The two faiths also differ in their organizational structure. Judaism is made up of many different sects and traditions operating independently of one another. Christians on the other hand are united by their faith, represented by the Roman Catholic Church, which serves as the governing body and sets the rules governing the faith.
Conclusion
Christianity sets itself apart from Judaism in many ways, namely their beliefs about Jesus as the Messiah, the different worship practices, and the distinct doctrinal beliefs. While these are the defining features of the two faiths, it’s clear that there are many similarities as well. Both faiths place a high emphasis on community service, show reverence for scripture, and preach a message of hope for the afterlife.
