The ‘Big Three’ of Judaism
In its deepest essence, Judaism is a monotheistic religion and culture. This means it is based on the belief that there is one God who is the Creator and Sustainer of the entire universe. In Israel, Judaism is also the official national religion. The core teachings or beliefs of Judaism can be divided into three main categories – God, Torah, and Israel. These teachings are often referred to as the “Big Three” of Judaism.
God in Judaism
Judaism teaches that God is one, infinite and indivisible. God created the entire universe, and is involved in the lives of each and every one of us. This means that God is both all-powerful and all-knowing. God is also just and merciful, loving and compassionate. He rewards those who obey His commandments and punishes those who do not.
Torah in Judaism
The Torah is considered to be the written version of the instructions given by God to the Jewish people. It consists of the Five Books of Moses, and the Oral Torah, which is a commentary and interpretation of the written Torah. The teachings of the Torah shape the way in which Jews understand their relationship with God and how they should live their lives.
Israel in Judaism
Israel is the physical manifestation of God’s presence among the Jewish people. It is considered to be the birthplace of the Jewish people and the spiritual epicenter of Judaism. Israel also functions as a rallying point for the Jewish community, both in Israel and around the world.
Judaism and Morality
In Judaism, morality is intimately tied to the observance of the commandments. Jews believe that a moral life must be lived in accordance with the teachings of the Torah. For instance, the concept of Tikkun Olam, which means “repairing the world”, is seen as a moral obligation and is central to Jewish thought. Jewish ethics are based on two basic principles – loving God and loving one’s neighbor.
Judaism and Prayer
Prayer is an essential part of Jewish life and is an act of connecting to God. Jews pray both individually and communally, and prayers are said throughout the day – in the morning, at noon, and in the evenings. Prayers can be said for both personal and collective needs, and can take the form of set liturgies or individual supplications.
Judaism and Community
In Judaism, community is seen as an essential part of one’s life and identity. Jewish communities are held together by shared beliefs and values, and are often organized around synagogues and other communal institutions. Jews learn how to live a moral life through their participation in communal activities and through the guidance of their rabbis.
Judaism and the Messianic Age
In Judaism, the ultimate goal of human existence is the Messianic Age – a time of peace, justice, and harmony. Jews believe that in this age, peace and justice will reign and the Jewish people will be united under a single religion. Jews also believe that prayer and work will bring about the Messianic Age – a time when peace and justice will prevail on earth and all people will live in harmony.
Judaism and Rituals
Rituals are essential components of Jewish life and practice. Celebrations such as Passover and Hanukkah provide opportunities for Jews to come together and reinforce their observations of Jewish law and customs. Many Jewish rituals are seen as tools for spiritual and moral growth, and Jews use them to build relationships, strengthen communities, and connect to the divine.
Judaism and the Afterlife
Judaism teaches that we will only experience life after death when the Messianic Age is attained. Until then, the soul remains in a state of limbo either in Heaven or Hell, depending on how each person has lived their life. Jews also believe that the soul can be elevated through prayer and repentance.
Judaism and Food
Food plays a major role in Jewish life and culture. Jews are required to observe kosher dietary laws, which restrict the kinds of food that can be eaten and the way it must be prepared. Jews strive to make their meals meaningful by saying blessings before and after, and sharing stories and conversations during the meal.
Judaism and Charity
Giving charity is a significant part of Jewish life and is seen as a fundamental moral obligation. Philanthropy is seen as a way of fulfilling the commandment to love one’s neighbor. Jews give to their local community as well as to individuals in need in other parts of the world.
