Defining Reform and Conservative Judaism
Reform and Conservative Judaism are two of the longest established forms of Judaism, though they both have more modern roots. Reform is the more progressive, with the introduction of elements such as extensive music and gender-inclusive language into their services. Conservative Judaism seeks to be a balance between traditional and modern ways, usually keeping more of the traditional aspects of worship and ritual. In general, Conservative Judaism maintains traditional liturgy, ethical behavior and observance of ritual. Reformists, however, often forgo ritual observances and services and create their own, which may include elements from other religions and spiritual practices.
Differences in Beliefs
Reform Judaism has the least traditional approach to things like dress codes, dietary laws and restrictions on daily activities, while Conservative Judaism follows more traditional interpretations. Reform Jews commonly place greater emphasis on their ethics, such as social justice, civil liberty and inclusion. Additionally, Reform Jews view their faith to be in constant evolution and development over time, while Conservative Jews view their faith as static and unchanging. Another major difference between the two denominations is the belief in God, with Reform Jews often taking a more agnostic approach while Conservative Jews take a more literal view of God.
Differences in Practice
The differences in practice between Reform and Conservative Judaism are some of the most visible. Reform Jews usually wear more modern dress and the form of prayer they use is based more heavily on traditional Hebrew. The prayers incorporated into the worship can also vary, with Reform Jews tending to prefer a mix of traditional and nontraditional readings, poems and comments. Conservative Jews typically dress more modestly and adhere more strictly to traditional Psalms, liturgies and service times. Additionally, Conservative Judaism follows more traditional interpretations of the Torah and other Jewish texts, as well as adhering to prohibitions for certain food groups, such as kosher and non-kosher.
Getting Involved
No matter what denomination of Judaism you practice, there are many opportunities to get involved in your local community. If you are interested in learning more about the differences between Reform and Conservative Judaism, it is important to talk to experts in the field, both academically and within the community. Most communities have a local synagogue, and both Reform and Conservative Jews will meet there to provide religious and community guidance and support. Both communities also have online out-reach programs and websites, which offer a wealth of resources on the history and practices of both Reform and Conservative Judaism.
Leadership
Leadership in Reform and Conservative Judaism is significant in both denominations and views of what is appropriate vary. For Reform Jews, it is seen as quite normal for a man and woman to jointly lead a service or a rabbi to give lectures, commentary and sermons regardless of gender. The Conservative movement, though, usually maintains a traditional view of the rabbi as the only one allowed to lead the service and give sermons, though they may have other lay members who lead parts of the service.
Implications of the Differences
The differences between Reform and Conservative Judaism have a number of implications for those who practice either one or the other. On a practical level, the differences can affect everything from prayer to dietary practices, clothing and other issues. On an emotional or spiritual level, Reform and Conservative Judaism can serve as a source of pride and strength for those who associate themselves with it, or it can be a source of division within families where the members practice differing forms of Judaism.
Conclusion
Reform and Conservative Judaism are two of the major denominations of Judaism, though their approach and emphasis can vary greatly. The differences between them can range from subtle nuances in beliefs and practices, to large discrepancies in how they approach rituals, prayer and worship. Ultimately, it is up to the individual to decide which branch of Judaism best meets their needs and spiritual goals.
