Origins
Judaism and Christianity both have ancient roots and have been around for thousands of years. Both faiths have the same origin, stemming from the ancient Hebrew tradition during the time of the Babylonian captivity. Though there are many similarities, there are also distinct differences between these two religions, which need to be explored in order to understand the main differences.
Beliefs
Judaism and Christianity are both monotheistic faiths and believe in the same God, though they have a different interpretation of his divinity. For example, Jews do not believe that Jesus is the Messiah, as Christianity does. Jews also have high regard for the Torah, the laws given to Moses, which are important for their faith. Christianity, however, focuses on the New Testament and the teachings of Jesus Christ more than the Old Testament.
Rituals
Judaism and Christianity also differ in their ritual practices. In Judaism, regular visits to the synagogue are observed and the Sabbath is a day of rest and prayer. In Christianity, visiting a church is common, and there may also be special ceremonies and rituals related to certain holidays.
Attitudes
The attitudes of Judaism and Christianity towards other faiths also differ. Judaism is open to constructive dialogues with other faiths and is willing to share ideas. Christianity, on the other hand, is more exclusive, viewing itself as the only true faith and seeing other beliefs as misguided or wrong.
Sacred Texts
The sacred texts of Judaism and Christianity also differ. The Jewish faith draws on the laws of Moses for guidance, which are found in the Torah, the Talmud and other writings. Christianity, however, is based on the Bible, which includes the Old Testament, which is shared with Judaism, and the New Testament which includes the teachings of Jesus.
Worship
Judaism and Christianity also have different ways of worship. Jews celebrate their faith through services in the synagogue and prayers that are chanted. For Christianity, worship is typically held in churches, often accompanied by singing and music.
Roles
The roles of those who practice these faiths are different as well. Judaism is centered on study, while Christianity is focused more on faith and devotion. Jews are encouraged to study the Torah and other works of scripture, while Christians are encouraged to live their lives as Jesus did.
Societal Patterns
Finally, the societal patterns of Judaism and Christianity have different impacts on society. Judaism is steeped in tradition and ritual, which reinforces a sense of community. Christianity, on the other hand, has a more individualistic approach to faith, and encourages people to seek the will of God for themselves.
Practices
Judaism and Christianity also differ in their respective practices. For example, Judaism follows a dietary law, known as kashrut, which forbids the eating of certain foods and requires that all food must be prepared in a certain way. In Christianity, there are no such dietary restrictions, though many adherents still choose to observe certain dietary restrictions or guidelines.
Sacraments
Judaism and Christianity differ in the sacraments they observe as well. Jews observe circumcision, which is a sign of the covenant between God and the Jewish people. Christians observe baptism, which is a symbol of being born again into a new life in Christ.
Marriage
Judaism and Christianity also have different views on marriage. In Judaism, marriage is an essential part of their faith, and is seen as a holy union between two people. In Christianity, marriage is seen as a sacrament, and those who are married are seen as committed to one another in a loving relationship.
Interpretations
Judaism and Christianity also have different interpretations of scripture. Jews adhere to the scripture literally and use it as source for ethical and moral guidance. Christians, however, interpret scripture spiritually, seeing it as a guide for how to live one’s life and attain spiritual enlightenment.
Symbols
Finally, Judaism and Christianity are also distinct in their use of symbols. For example, the Star of David is the most well known symbol of the Jewish faith, while the cross is the most iconic symbol of Christianity. Both of these symbols are used to represent the faith of the groups they belong to, and are used in a variety of different contexts.
