Claims of Ancient Origins
The origin of the Jewish religion dates back centuries, with religious scholars asserting it to be an ancient faith. Historians generally place it in the 2nd millennium BCE, during the Bronze Age. This timeline aligns with the biblical account of Genesis, with the Covenant of Abraham and other associated events that give rise to Judaism.
The 12 Tribes of Israel
The Jewish nation of Israel began with the 12 tribes, descendants of the 12 sons of Jacob. This provided the core foundation for the development of Judaism. Key figures such as Moses and Aaron, who were cousins of the tribe of Levi, emerged as leaders of the Jewish people and helped establish key religious practices such as those seen in the Ten Commandments.
The Temple Established in 966 BCE
In 966 BCE, King Solomon built the first Jewish temple in Jerusalem, cementing a physical connection between the people of Israel, the land of Israel and the God of Israel. It was in this temple – and later, in the Second Temple destroyed by the Romans— that much of Jewish religious practice unfolded. It also enabled more direct contact with God for those who made pilgrimage to the temple.
Influence Of the Prophets
During the first millennium BCE, most of the religious figures that would shape Judaism were brought together. The prophets—including Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel— who are considered by many to be the foundation of the faith, also emerged and wrote their world-changing words.
The Biblical Record Written
The Hebrew Bible was composed in the first millennium BCE by a variety of authors, and is believed to be the foundation of Jewish religion. The Torah – the first five books of the Bible – became the core of Jewish practice and understanding. It is believed that the Torah was revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai, and contains the 10 Commandments and other religious codes.
The Talmud Written
The Talmud was written in the 5th century CE, and contains commentaries and interpretations of the Torah. This record has been used by Jewish religious leaders over the centuries to codify Jewish law. Rabbis have used the Talmud to explain and define the liturgy, customs and religious practices of Judaism.
Influence Of the Rabbis
Rabbis, or traditional Jewish legal scholars, were appointed throughout the centuries to keep records and teach the Torah. They were empowered to interpret the Bible and the Talmud, and set the laws and customs for the Jewish people. From early times to the present day, rabbis have contributed significantly to the development of Jewish law, practice, and observance.
The Diaspora and its Impact
The destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE signaled the dispersal of the Jews from Israel, leading to the diaspora. Although this had a huge impact on Jewish culture, it ironically encouraged the spread of Judaism, as Jews scattered around the world took their faith with them.
Persistence of Jewish Customs
Despite centuries of persecution, forced conversions, and assimilation, Jewish customs, traditions, and beliefs have persisted. Celebrations such as Passover are still observed, and Jewish festivals remain part of Jewish life today. It is through these rituals that Jews have found solace, strength and a sense of community throughout the generations.
The Modern Reform Movement
In the 19th century, Rabbi Moses Mendelsohn of Germany helped lead the Reform Movement, which sought to adapt Judaism to modern lifestyles and pursuits. This had a tremendous effect on the integration of Jews into broader society, and helped pave the way for Jews to become fully accepted in many countries.
The Role of the Holocaust
The Holocaust, the systematic extermination of six million Jews during World War II, marked a turning point in Jewish history. Despite the devastation and suffering, it also forged a greater sense of unity among the Jewish people, resulting in the creation of a modern state of Israel in 1948.
Jewish Life in Israel
In the 70 years since the founding of Israel, the country has become a major centre for Jewish life, culture and practice. Jews from around the world will often travel to Israel for religious purposes, with many Jews choosing to live there in order to be closer to the spiritual heart of the faith.
The Eternal Flame of Judaism
It has been said that Judaism is like an eternal flame, burning for centuries and passing from generation to generation. In spite of the challenges and persecution it has faced, Judaism has endured and retains an inexorably strong hold in the hearts, minds and souls of its followers.
