Clinical Benefits of Circumcision
Circumcision has long been a controversial subject in the medical field; many theories and ideas have been discussed in support of or as a strong opposition to this procedure. Within the Jewish community, it is accepted as part of Jewish law, and a traditional practice for thousands of years. The circumcision takes place on a newborn boy’s eighth day of life, and is conducted by a mohel, who specializes in circumcisions. So why does Judaism practice circumcision?
Medical professionals have debated the true benefit of circumcision for years, with the circumcision rate in the United States declining in recent years. One key benefit associated with male circumcision is decreased risk of urinary tract infections. Studies conducted by The National Institute of Health showed that circumcised boys between the ages of 1 to 9 had 60 percent lower rates of UTIs when compared to uncircumcised boys. The American Academy of Pediatrics has reported that the overall health benefits associated with circumcision outweigh the potential risks.
Moving beyond clinical findings, we must also consider the social and cultural implications of circumcision. For the Jews, circumcision is a covenant between them and God, which serves as a way to recognize and express their faith. It is a significant rite of passage for members of the Jewish community, and a symbolic gesture signalling the child’s entry into the Jewish faith. It is believed that the human body is sacred, and the physical removal of a baby’s foreskin allows them to cleanse their own body and sanctify themselves by God. Whether or not one agrees with this belief, the ritual shows its significant purpose within the Jewish faith.
However, being that circumcision is a highly personal matter and chosen for various reasons, one must also consider ethical implications to circumcision. The debate has largely been focused on those defending the religious practices with both sides combating each other in terms of human rights. For example, the United Nations has established guidelines which guarantee the rights of all people to decide what type of medical treatments they would like to receive. For many, the practice of circumcision constitutes as a violation of these rights, as an individual cannot choose to undergo the procedure.
At the end of the day, it is important to keep in mind that no one can deny the potential benefits of circumcision. From a medical perspective, the procedure may reduce some infections and conditions that could potentially be dangerous without proper illnesses. From a religious perspective, circumcision is a cornerstone of the Jewish faith – one that did not start with the Jews, but is something universal from the very beginning of time.
Neonaatal and Long Term Risks
Contrary to popular belief, circumcision does not come without its risks. One of the most discussed topics related to male circumcision is the potential for associated adverse outcomes, both immediate and long term. On average, babies face a 0.2 – 0.5% chance of bleeding and infection from the procedure. Complications are more often associated with non-specialist practitioners, which is why the procedure is traditionally performed by individuals trained in circumcision.
For individuals that undergo the procedure later in life, the risks tend to be higher. Such individuals are more likely to experience general health complications due to their age, such as inflammation, swelling, and infection. Additional, long-term effects reported include excessive skin removed, over-tightening, and damaged to the urethra. Examples of more severe complications that may occur include partial amputation of the penis, development of cysts, and urinary tract obstruction.
Despite the possible risks of circumcision, the medical benefits of doing so are brought to the forefront, as studies have shown that circumcised men are likely to have a lower risk of sexually transmitted infections, some cancers of the penis, and a decreased spread of HPV. As for people of Jewish faith, circumcision is a practice that was passed down to them as a covenant from God i.e. ‘the brit milah’, which requires no further justification but simply maintains the promise between Jews and God.
The Alternatives to Circumcision
Due to the potential risks associated with circumcision, alternatives to the procedure have been considered by those who are not willing to take the risk. One of the possible alternatives to circumcision is known as non-surgical foreskin restoration. This procedure is considered to be a form of self-healing and has been found to be successful in many cases. Non-surgical foreskin restoration involves stretching the foreskin over a period of time and is typically carried out by an individual placing weights on the foreskin to slowly reduce the scar tethering it to the shaft of the penis.
Though relatively unknown and unspoken of, non-surgical foreskin restoration has been used for centuries and is gaining attention due to the emergence of nearly painless and non-invasive treatment options. This alternative has enabled people to enjoy the look and feel of a circumcised penis without undergoing surgery. For Jews, foreskin restoration may also give a sense of connection to the faith, as many men and women feel the practice of foreskin restoration is a spiritual journey compared to a more medical procedure such as circumcision.
An additional alternative is known as circumcision revision which is a procedure done to resolve issues resulting from a botched circumcision. Typically, circumcision revision surgery is done by a urologist who specializes in the procedure and can help to restore or improve the existing circumcision. During the procedure, the urologist removes scar tissues, reshapes the skin and/or restores heightened sensation.
Modern Day Circumcision
Today, circumcision is a lot more common than it was before due to its medical and religious benefits. As previously discussed, the medical benefits include decreased risk of urinary tract infections, STD’s and even cancers of the penis. Furthermore, circumcision is a reverent practice for members of the Jewish faith, making it a necessary ritual for babies to make their covenant with God.
Though much of the scientific research and clinical studies related to circumcision are valid, individuals are still skeptical and argue that circumcision should not be mandatory nor be left to the discretion of the parents. It can be said that it is of utmost importance to maintain an educated and informed discourse when discussing this topic due to its basis in human rights with potential outcomes of harm.
As a form of modern-day interpretation and adaptation, many parents opt out of circumcision and instead, dip their baby’s fingers in honey and recite a special prayer, making it a momentous occasion without the medical procedure at hand. This combination of medical and religious facets is interesting but complex, as varying opinions from all sides have driven a deep divide between those who are for or against the practice.
Religious and Ethical Perspectives
The practice of circumcision has sparked fierce debates ever since its emergence in the early days of Judaism. Issues such as cultural relativism and human rights have been brought up throughout the discussion, as some have argued that human rights should be considered and that infant circumcision should not be subject to one particular religious or cultural point of view. On the flip side, many have argued that it is a deeply personal procedure and that individuals should ultimately be free to make their own decisions.
For Jews, foreskin removal is steeped in religious teachings, and as such, question why religion and science are at odds. The answer is probably in the delicate line between scientific evidence, which is empirical and fact-driven and religious beliefs, which rely on tradition and faith. Generally, religion and science are at odds with one another, but when it comes to Judaism and circumcision, there is the ability to adapt and balance both components, resulting in an overall satisfactory middle ground.
Overall, the practice of circumcision, whether it be from a medical, religious, or ethical lens, is one that sparks controversial debates and opposing views that must be acknowledged. While some may classify it as a human rights violation, for others, it is a fundamental part of the identity – one that has stood the test of time.
Personal Opinions and Attitudes
When discussing circumcision, it is equally important to include the personal perspectives on the topic. While much of the debate has been focused on the medical, religious, and cultural implications of circumcision, it is important to note that personal views and attitudes vary greatly. The practice has been conducted on little boys in countless cultures for thousands of years, and it will continue to be done as long as it is seen as valuable. Some may agree with the practice, while others completely disagree.
It is understandable that the opinion of individuals should be taken into account and respected. This includes discussions on whether or not circumcision should be a ‘choice’ that individuals can make, or if it is a parental right. It is important to note that much of the discourse centers around male circumcision as opposed to female. On the other hand, a respectful dialogue about the Jewish practice will entail listening to both sides of the argument in order to gain a better understanding of each perspective.
Regardless of an individual’s opinion on circumcision, it is important to be mindful that personal biases, religious orientations, and ethically stance all play a role in the way one approaches the conversation. The practice has a long history of both praise and criticism, and it is important to educate yourself on the topic in order to form a well-rounded view.
Psychological and Physical Impact
In terms of psychological effects, circumcised males are more inclined to experience heightened levels of anxiety and depression compared to uncircumcised males. For instance, a study conducted by BMC Urology examined the psychological implications of circumcision status in adult males and found that circumcised individuals reported higher levels of depression, sexual problems, and feelings of anger. The authors concluded that circumcised individuals have an increased risk of psychological disorders compared to uncircumcised individuals.
In terms of physical impact, it is believed that circumcision removes a layer of skin that protects the penile shaft from damage, which affects sexual sensitivity due to the presence of nerves and sensory receptors that are removed. A study conducted by The British Journal of Urology International reported that circumcised males typically experience decreased sensitivity during sexual intercourse compared to uncircumcised males.
The psychological and physical impacts of circumcision must be taken into account before deciding on whether or not to proceed with the procedure. It is important to note that individual reactions may vary, with reactions including positive and negative impacts. For instance, some report increased confidence and enhanced hygiene to those that experience psychological issues such as depression and body image issues.
In the end, it is up to the individual or family to make an educated and informed decision about circumcision. If a parent decides to go ahead with the procedure, it is important that the medical professional be highly specialized in the procedure, with the aim of eliminating possible risks.
