Definition of Judaism
Judaism is an ancient monotheistic faith that originated in the Middle East roughly 3500 years ago. At its core, it is a religion that is focused on bringing people closer to God through faith in his commandments, the covenant between God and the Jewish people, and the myriad of texts in the Jewish canon. The tradition also encompasses Jewish cultural customs such as kashrut (dietary laws), Sabbath rituals, and providing for the sick, destitute, and elderly. Study is an integral part of Judaism, as its religious texts, customs, and practice rely heavily on scholars to mediate and interpret them. This is especially true for practitioners of the Jewish faith living in the modern world, where study and modern learning are needed to navigate the intersection of traditional Judaism and the secular world.
Types of Study
In Judaism, study is divided into two categories: Talmud Torah, or the learning of the Tanakh and Talmud, and Gemeulah, or the application of Jewish behavior towards others. Talmud Torah is the study of Judaism’s core texts, including the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) and Talmud (the foundational commentaries of rabbinical scholars). This type of study is typically done in a synagogue or Orthodox Yeshiva setting and involves learning core precepts of the faith, including written and oral law. Gemeulah, on the other hand, typically occurs in a social setting and involves applying the tenets of Judaism to interpersonal relationships and deeds. For example, Gemeulah could involve providing for the needy, helping immigrants assimilate, engaging in acts of charity, or delivering messages of goodwill and moral guidance.
Why Study is Essential
Study is an important part of Judaism because it is integral to the understanding and practice of faith and its laws. On a fundamental level, study is essential because it aids in the comprehension and development of both the Tanakh and Talmud, which are filled with complex laws, commandments, and rituals. In an ever-changing world, study allows the faithful to remain true to and interpret the ancient text in a way that is compatible with modern ethics and thought.
On a deeper level, study is also essential to understanding the relationship between God and humans. Through Talmud Torah, practitioners of the faith can gain insight into the Divine Wisdom, which serves as the foundation for religious behavior and action. Study, then, is also a path to a higher spiritual level, as it helps shape morality, inspire reverence for all things, and foster personal relationships with God.
Approaches to Study
There are multiple approaches to studying the texts of Judaism that have been developed over the centuries. The traditional approach to Talmud study, called “Kollel,” is a form of intensive study of the texts that is often done in a classroom setting. In the Kollel approach, students study the texts in depth and explore the different commentaries around the verses to gain a better understanding of the original intent and meaning. There are also other approaches, such as the historical-critical method, which focuses on examining the text in its historical context and examining it in a critical and analytical way. This method is particularly relevant today, as it helps to make sense of the Jewish faith in an ever-changing world.
Biblical Heritage
The importance of study in Judaism predates even the modern world, as the Hebrew Bible is filled with descriptions of how study was important to the religious practice of the people of Israel. For instance, in the book of Proverbs, King Solomon is quoted as saying “The heavens proclaim the glory of God, and the skies display his craftsmanship (Proverbs 19:1). The verse is not only a testament to God’s greatness, but also a call to engage in study in order to truly understand the divinely-ordained universe.
Study is also praised in the book of Proverbs, as the passage “ Seek knowledge, pursue understanding (Proverbs 18:15)” encourages readers to search for knowledge and understanding in the hopes of accessing divine understanding. Along similar lines, Jewish tradition states that the “Torah of life” requires both study and taking action in the world, which is necessary to access a higher spiritual plane.
Impact of Study
The importance of studying the texts of Judaism reaches beyond the realm of religious affairs, and has profound implications for the modern world. Jewish texts contain numerous accounts of how the practice of law and ethics should be applied in the world, and studying the faith helps to bring this practice to modern day society. For instance, the commandment to “love your neighbor”, found in Leviticus 19:18, is widely referenced in social justice circles as a way to create a more equitable society.
Study also helps individuals become more compassionate and empathetic towards others, which is essential for building bridges and maintaining dialogue between different peoples. Rabbinical scholar and professor David Ellenson argues, “Study is integral to achieving the aspirations of the prophetic call to pursue justice and righteousness.” By studying Jewish laws and ethics, practitioners of the faith are better able to reach a level of moral excellence and help bring it to the world.
Modern Study
The modern world has seen a surge in interest in studying Judaism, largely due to its relevance in today’s society. In addition to traditional textbooks and commentaries, modern study of Judaism often relies on digital resources such as blogs, podcasts, and online forums. These tools provide practitioners of the faith with an array of new ways to interpret and explore the texts of the faith.
Additionally, there has been a greater focus on engaging with the texts in interactive ways, such as through discussion and debate. For instance, Ta-Shma: Study, an organization that encourages text-based learning and Jewish literacy, hosts regular debates and panel discussions aimed at deepening people’s understanding of Judaism. These types of events help foster a deeper understanding of the faith, which helps individuals frame their understanding within the context of today’s rapidly changing society.
Engaging with Others
The importance of study in Judaism is also linked to the importance of engaging with other practitioners of the faith. Engagement with other Jews helps to deepen one’s understanding of the faith, and enables individuals to learn from the experiences and wisdom of their peers. For example, a study session dedicated to exploring the Book of Genesis may be punctuated with insight from the group, providing invaluable context and perspective on the text. Additionally, engaging with other Jews helps to solidify and reaffirm individual beliefs and practices, leading to a richer experience of the Jewish tradition.
Conclusion
Study is an integral part of Judaism, as it helps to further both knowledge and understanding of the faith’s texts, traditions, and practices. Study also ensures that the precepts of the faith remain meaningful in the modern world, and helps individuals to reach a higher level of spiritual understanding. Ultimately, through engaging with the texts and the wisdom of other Jews, the faithful are able to bring God’s laws and ethics into their everyday lives.
