Jewish faith and Christianity are two religion that share a common origin and some similar teachings, yet also have significant differences. While the idea of one God is a major tenet of both faiths, the exact definition of the deity varies from one to the other. The way in which each faith worships Him, the roles of the Bible, and the view of Jesus are three major aspects in which these two religions differ.
The Jewish interpretation of God differs from the Christian interpretation. In Judaism, God is an incorporeal, unknowable being whose wisdom is absolute. He is considered one and similarly is known as a protector and redeemer. This is different from Christianity, whose followers strongly believe that God has a triune nature, with the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit all being considered aspects of the one God. Furthermore, the place of worship is essential in the distinction between the faiths. While Christians worship in churches, Jews predominantly worship in synagogues.
In terms of the role of the Bible, Judaism and Christianity also have definite distinctions. Jewish people see the Bible as a set of instructive writings given by God as his law to his chosen people. They would usually follow the laws without hesitation, as it is seen as necessary for them to live in the best possible way and fulfil their destinies. Conversely, Christians view the Bible as the living word of God and the source of truth and primary revelations; it is seen as a source of deep spirituality and guidance that divinity speaks through.
In contrast to the Christian perspective, Judaism does not recognize Jesus as the son of God or divine. Although Jesus was a Jewish rabbi, Jews believe he is a great teacher and respect him for his awesome wisdom, he was not seen as the Messiah or divine in their eyes. Jews believe that their Messiah has not risen, and that his coming will usher in an era of peace, justice, and prosperity throughout the world. It is a core belief of Christianity that Jesus Christ is the only son of God, who died for the sins of mankind.
Influence of Jewish Faith on Christianity
Christianity is rooted in Judaism and it has been largely influenced by it. Jesus, the apostle Paul and most of the apostles were all Jews, and the New Testament in the Bible was written within the context of 1st-century Judaism. The Old Testament, which is an integral part of both Judaism and Christianity, consists of the books from the Tanach, which are the ancient Hebrew scriptures. Jews and Christians also observe some of the same festivals, such as Rosh Hashanah and Passover, though the practices and rituals associated with these holidays usually differ. Although these four components are differences between these two religions, the influence of Jewish faith on Christianity can be seen in everything from its scriptures to its festivals.
How Legal Structures Differ
The legal structures and regulations of Judaism and Christianity are also quite different. Judaism is based on the 613 commandments known as the mosac law (also called the Torah), which is set out in the first five books of the Bible. These laws dictate economy, politics, civil and criminal justice, daily life, and other aspects of Jewish life. Christianity, on the other hand, is much less focused on legislated laws. Jesus summarized the primary commandment of Christianity as “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.” This elevation of individual conscience, rather than following a strict set of laws, is a cornerstone of Christian belief.
Role of Messianic Expectations
One of the main differences between Christianity and Judaism lies in messianic expectations and beliefs. Messianic expectations are a set of beliefs, which can be found in the Jewish Tanakh (Torah, Prophets and Writings). Jews believe that a Messiah will come to restore the world to a perfect state and bring justice to all nations. The messianic figure is seen as a righteous and divine king who will eventually redeem and save the world, ending human suffering and oppression. On the other hand, Christians recognize Jesus as the Messiah who delivered them from sin and suffering and brought salvation to the world.
Role of Sacrifice in Jewish and Christian Faith
Sacrifice has always held an important place in faith, and this is true of both Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism, animal sacrifices were prescribed by God as part of the temple service. Animal sacrifices were viewed as atonement for sin and signified homage, obedience, and loyalty to God. In Christianity, the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross has a similar significance. It is seen as atonement for the punishment of sin and is viewed as proof of God’s love for humanity.
Views on Authority and Ritual
The way in which each faith venerates authority also differs sharply. While the Jewish faith is based on adherence to God’s law, Christianity is based on grace, mercy and love. This is reflected in their practices and rituals. In the Jewish faith, rituals such as the weekly Sabbath, fasting, and the kosher laws are all based on the teachings of the Torah. Christianity, on the other hand, does not demand adherence to any particular ritual or practice. Although there are some accepted traditions, such as baptism and the Lord’s Supper, Christians are generally encouraged to act on their own conscience and make their own choices of ritual and practice.
Ethical Considerations
Not only do the two faiths differ in terms of their theology, but also in terms of their ethical considerations. Judaism is based on a strict code of ethics and laws, codified in the Torah. It dictates certain prohibitions, such as adultery and murder, and is focused on living according to God’s will. Christianity also is concerned with living according to God’s will, but it is less focused on behavior and more focused on attitude and intent. Christian ethics are based on the teachings of Jesus and placed less emphasis on codified law and more on a person’s relationship with God.
Differences in Social and Political Context
Given their long historical relationship, it is not surprising that Judaism and Christianity have different views on society and politics. Jews are traditionally known as the “Chosen People” and as such, many consider the state of Israel to be their sacred homeland. Christianity, on the other hand, is much more focused on the spiritual, believing that the kingdom of God is a kingdom of heaven, rather than on earth. While Jews are traditionally very active in politics, Christians are encouraged to abstain from political involvement and instead look to God for guidance and direction.
Issues Around Interfaith Marriages
Another significant difference between the two faiths is their views on interfaith marriages. Judaism does not recognize interfaith marriages, as the ceremony must be performed according to the laws and customs of the religion. This means that to marry someone Jewish, both parties must be Jewish or convert to Judaism. On the other hand, Christianity is much more accepting of interfaith marriages, providing that the couple is composed equally of Christians and non-Christians.
Conclusion
Although they may have some similarities, Judaism and Christianity are two distinct and different faiths. While they share some of the same core values and beliefs, the exact interpretations of the deity, the place in which each faith worships, and the views on Jesus are distinct and different. Furthermore, the legal structures, sacrificial traditions, and ethical differences separate the two religions even further.
