The Early Christian Economics and Trade
Christianity has been an ever-present force in the development of economic and trade systems throughout the world, from its earliest days to the present. During the time of early Christianity, the economic and trade systems were more virtual and localised in nature, centring on basic goods and local exchange, with the exception of a limited number of international trade networks. Christianity at this stage, embraced different forms of bartering, communal exchange and even tithes, which was a form of taxation, mainly found in the Greco-Roman world.
In the earliest of Christian writings and in the teachings of Jesus, there is a clear concern for the less privileged within society, as well as a call to support one’s community and assist those in poverty and need. In addition to biblical teachings, early Christian writers such as Clement of Alexandria (150–215 AD) gave Christian explanations on how money and economics should be used for the betterment of society, sparking what the renowned scholar Jaroslav Pelikan has described as a “spirit of economic brotherhood”.
Establishment of Trade Routes
The establishment of trade routes between Africa, Europe and Asia during the period of Roman Imperialism created a platform for increased economic and trade activity. Christianity was a major component of this process as it helped to build Empires, organise trade networks, create political alliances and extend the influence of Rome.
The international trade routes, along with the spread of Christianity and the Roman Empire, provided a valuable platform for the growth of economics and trading activities. The process of imperialisation also provided a catalyst for the growth of Christian missions within many parts of the world, allowing Christians to spread their beliefs and philosophies along trade routes.
Impact on European Middle Ages
During the European Middle Ages, economics and trade were highly influenced by Christian ideas and values. During this period, Christianity spread across Europe, bringing with it a new understanding of economics and trade. By the end of the Middle Ages, Christian theology had heavily influenced economic theories and practices such as the conception of money and its role in the economy.
The Church, which was a major political and economic force during this time, deployed vast amounts of resources to sponsor trade voyages and other economic activities. Monasteries, for example, played a significant role in facilitating trade and establishing large estates, providing a solid basis for feudal economic activity.
Development of Trade Law
Christianity also played an essential role in the development of trade law. During the Middle Ages, religious authorities sought to establish a moral framework for regulating international trade. As a result, religious law based on the teachings of Jesus was written and implemented, providing rules and regulations governing elements such as security, debt and payment.
This legal framework was further strengthened by the development of canon law, which had a direct impact on the way in which international trade was conducted. This legal framework has been seen by some scholars as important in the development of modern international trade law and continues to be of relevance today.
Growth of Capitalism
Christianity also has had a major impact on the growth of capitalism. Although the concept of capitalism has its origins in the Greco-Roman world, it was during the Middle Ages that some of the core ideas of capitalism were developed. These ideas have been linked to Christianity, particularly to the doctrine of stewardship and the concept of free will. They helped to create a belief system in which economic growth and wealth creation were seen as desirable and virtuous activities.
Christianity has also been credited with the development of financial systems in Europe. These systems were more organized, efficient and transparent than their earlier counterparts and provided a platform for increased economic and trade activities.
Impact on Modern Society
The influence of Christianity on economic and trading activities continues to be discernible in the modern era. Christianity is still a key component in many of the global economies, with Christianity continuing to play a major role in the way in which people make use of natural resources, administer government money and look after the less privileged within society.
Transnational Trade
Christianity has been central to the development of transnational trade networks. It was through the networks established by Christian merchants and missionaries that goods were exchanged along long-distance trading routes, helping to spread goods throughout the world.
At the same time, Christian beliefs, values and principles also disseminated along these trading routes, helping to create a global shared understanding of global economic norms, such as the value of international trade and the need for fair trade. These ideas have played a significant role in the development of modern international business and economic activity.
The Role of Monasteries
Christian monasteries have also profoundly influenced the development of economic activities. Throughout the Middle Ages, monasteries provided an environment in which Christians could gain an understanding of economic activities. These monasteries played a key role in developing the core principles of European economic thought and acted as hubs for the exchange of goods and knowledge between different countries and regions.
Religious Charities
Religious charities and organizations have also had a major influence on global economic activities. From providing assistance to the poor and needy to establishing healthcare systems, Christian charities have been instrumental in a wide range of economic activities. These charities have provided vast amounts of resources to people around the world, helping to stabilize economies and improve living conditions for millions.
Conclusion
Christianity has had a major influence on economic and trade activities throughout its history. From facilitating international trade and the growth of capitalism to informing legal and social frameworks, Christianity has shaped our modern understanding of economics and trade. Christianity continues to be an influential force today, with organizations and charities providing vital assistance to those in need.
